Library: Latin American Studies by Credo Reference: Geography

Major Cities

Bogotá: Topic Page
The capital of Colombia, on a central plateau of the E Andes: originally the centre of Chibcha civilization; founded as a city in 1538 by the Spaniards. Population: 6 004 782 (1997 est.).
Buenos Aires: Topic Page
The capital of Argentina, a major port and industrial city on the Río de la Plata estuary: became capital in 1880; university (1821). Population: 2 988 006 (1995 est.).
Caracas: Topic Page
The capital of Venezuela, in the north: founded in 1567; major industrial and commercial centre, notably for oil companies.
Cuzco: Topic Page
Capital of Cuzco department, south-central Peru, 560 km/350 mi southeast of Lima.
Havana: Topic Page
The capital of Cuba, a port in the northwest on the Gulf of Mexico: the largest city in the Caribbean; founded in 1514 as San Cristóbal de la Habana by Diego Velásquez. Population: 2 241 000 (1995 est.).
Mexico City: Topic Page
Capital, industrial, and cultural centre of Mexico, 2,255 m/7,400 ft above sea level on the southern edge of the central plateau; population (2000 est) 8,605,200 (city), 18,327,000 (urban area; the largest urban agglomeration in the world).
Rio de Janeiro: Topic Page
Port and resort in southeast Brazil; capital of Rio de Janeiro federal unit (state), and former national capital (1763-1960); population (2000 est) 5,850,500; metropolitan area (2000 est) 10,389,400.

Chichén Itzá: Topic Page
Toltec city situated among the Maya city-states of the Yucatán peninsula, Mexico.
Machu Picchu: Topic Page
Inca site in Peru, about 50 mi (80 km) NW of Cuzco.
Tenochtitlán: Topic Page
The capital of the Aztec, it was founded (c.A.D. 1345) on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco. It was a flourishing city (with an estimated population of between 200,000 and 300,000), connected with the mainland by three great causeways.
Teotihuacán: Topic Page
Once thought to be the great religious center of the Toltec, it is now held to be the relic of an earlier civilization.

Amazon: Topic Page
River in South America, the second longest in the world, after the Nile; length 6,516 km/4,050 mi.
Andes: Topic Page
Mountain system, more than 5,000 mi (8,000 km) long, W South America.
Orinoco River: Topic Page
River of Venezuela, estimated to be from 1,500 to 1,700 mi (2,410–2,735 km) long.
Atacama Desert: Topic Page
Arid region, c.600 mi (970 km) long, N Chile, extending south from the border of Peru.
Guiana Highlands: Topic Page
Mountainous tableland, c.1,200 mi (1,930 km) long and from 200 to 600 mi (322–966 km) wide, N South America, bounded by the Orinoco and Amazon river basins, and by the coastal lowlands of the Guianas.
Patagonia: Topic Page
The southernmost region of South America, in Argentina and Chile extending from the Andes to the Atlantic. Area: about 777 000 sq. km (300 000 sq. miles).
Caribbean Sea: Topic Page
An almost landlocked sea, part of the Atlantic Ocean, bounded by the Caribbean islands, Central America, and the N coast of South America. Area: 2,718,200 sq. km (1,049,500 sq. miles).
West Indies: Topic Page
An archipelago off Central America, extending over 2400 km (1500 miles) in an arc from the peninsula of Florida to Venezuela, separating the Caribbean Sea from the Atlantic Ocean: consists of the Greater Antilles, the Lesser Antilles, and the Bahamas; largest island is Cuba.