Library: US Criminal Justice by Credo Reference: Crimes

Crimes (A - L)

Censorship: Topic Page
Official prohibition or restriction of any type of expression believed to threaten the political, social, or moral order. It may be imposed by governmental authority, local or national, by a religious body, or occasionally by a powerful private group.
Child abuse: Topic Page
The deliberate injury of a child. Child abuse can take several forms: neglect (including failure to provide adequate shelter, food, or medical treatment), physical abuse (including beating and poisoning), emotional abuse (including verbal abuse), and sexual abuse.
Conspiracy: Topic Page
In law, agreement of two or more persons to commit a criminal or otherwise unlawful act.
Counterfeiting: Topic Page
Manufacturing spurious coins, paper money, or evidences of governmental obligation (e.g., bonds) in the semblance of the true.
Crime: Topic Page
Behavior or action that is punishable by criminal law. A crime is a public, as opposed to a moral, wrong; it is an offence committed against (and hence punishable by) the state or the community at large.
Espionage: Topic Page
The act of obtaining information clandestinely. The term applies particularly to the act of collecting military, industrial, and political data about one nation for the benefit of another. Industrial espionage—the theft of patents and processes from business firms—is not properly espionage at all.
Felony: Topic Page
Any grave crime, in contrast to a misdemeanor, that is so declared in statute or was so considered in common law.
Fraud: Topic Page
In law, willful misrepresentation intended to deprive another of some right. The offense, generally only a tort, may also constitute the crime of false pretenses.
Genocide: Topic Page
Deliberate and systematic destruction of a national, racial, religious, or ethnic group defined by the exterminators as undesirable.
Human trafficking: Topic Page
Human trafficking refers to the trading and systematic movement of people by various means, potentially involving a variety of agents, institutions and intermediaries. It typically involves coercion, deception and the exploitation of those who are moved within or across borders.
Illegal Arms Transfers
The selling, buying, and transportation of military technologies and products outside of the world's formal markets, law, and policies is one of the largest segments of the hidden illegal global economy.
Infanticide: Topic Page
In law, the killing of a child under 12 months old, and more generally, any killing of a newborn child. It is often seen as a method of population control.
Lynching: Topic Page
Unlawfully hanging or otherwise killing a person by mob action. The term is derived from the older term lynch law, which is most likely named after either Capt. William Lynch (1742–1820), of Pittsylvania co., Va., or Col. Charles Lynch (1736–96), of neighboring Bedford (later Campbell) co.

Crimes (M - Z)

Murder: Topic Page
Criminal homicide, usually distinguished from manslaughter by the element of malice aforethought.
Negligence: Topic Page
In law, especially tort law, the breach of an obligation (duty) to act with care, or the failure to act as a reasonable and prudent person.
Piracy: Topic Page
Robbery committed or attempted on the high seas. It is distinguished from privateering in that the pirate holds no commission from and receives the protection of no nation but usually attacks vessels of all nations.
Prostitution: Topic Page
Act of granting sexual access for payment. Though estimates vary significantly due to the illicit nature and social stigma of prostitution, research suggests that more than one million people, or 1% of the population, currently “work the streets and parlors” of the United States as prostitutes.
Discrimination: Topic Page
The action of distinguishing and categorizing individuals in a society based on perceived cultural, social, or physical characteristics and subsequently preventing certain categories or groups of people equitable access to social, economic, and political resources.
Sexual discrimination: Topic Page
Sexual discrimination involves treating someone differently, usually less favourably, because of his or her gender.
Sexual harassment: Topic Page
In law, verbal or physical behavior of a sexual nature, aimed at a particular person or group of people, especially in the workplace.
Smuggling: Topic Page
Illegal transport across state or national boundaries of goods or persons liable to customs or to prohibition.
Terrorism: Topic Page
Systematic violence in the furtherance of political aims, often by small guerrilla groups.
Tort
From The Macmillian Encyclopedia
In law, a civil wrong that constitutes a breach of a duty established by law rather than by contract.
Torture: Topic Page
The intentional infliction of severe physical or mental pain or suffering in order to intimidate, coerce, obtain information or a confession, or punish. In international law, the term is usually further restricted to actions committed by persons acting in an official capacity.
Treason: Topic Page
Legal term for various acts of disloyalty. The English law, first clearly stated in the Statute of Treasons (1350), originally distinguished high treason from petit (or petty) treason.
Vagrancy: Topic Page
In law, term applied to the offense of persons who are without visible means of support or domicile while able to work.
War crime: Topic Page
A crime committed during, and in connection with, a war, especially ill-treatment of prisoners or massacre of civilians, etc.

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